The Thai Health Secret – Hydroxycitric acid from tamarind

Thailand has some of the lowest rates of obesity, diabetes, cancer and heart disease in the world. In part, this may be due to the prevalence of tamarind fruit in the traditional Thai diet.

There is a compound called hydroxycitric acid (HCA) in the rind of the tamarind that suppresses the key enzyme in the body’s fat storage process (ATP-citrate lyase). This has a significant positive impact on levels of ‘bad’ LDL cholesterol in the blood, fatty liver and inflammation, risk of heart disease and blood sugar issues associated with diabetes.[i] It also cranks up activity in the thyroid, which prompts an increase in metabolism, so more fat is burned for energy.[ii] In one study, rats that were fed HCA lost significant amounts of weight, experienced better blood sugar control and suffered less inflammation.[iii] It also reduces appetite, possibly by boosting the secretion of serotonin. This is why I put it in my GL Support. 

Moreover, Professor Thomas Seyfried, who has pioneered the use of ketogenic diets in the treatment of brain cancer, believes that HCA may prove to be an important ally in the ongoing battle against cancer. He has reported particularly impressive results when it is combined with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA).[iv] HCA is what is called a ‘calorie restricting mimetic’ which means it has a similar effect to fasting and could help inhibit fuel supply to cancer cells and their survival.[v]

I recommend supplementing about 2g of HCA per day (e.g. three doses of 750mg) to aid weight loss, improve energy and help restore blood sugar control. A meta-analysis of nine studies of HCA supplementation reported average weight loss of about 1.2kg (2.7lb) in eight weeks,[vi] but participants in trials that gave more than 2g a day fared much better, averaging about 3.5kg over the trial period (roughly 1lb per week). As an example, one team of researchers placed sixty volunteers on a 2000 calorie diet plus a thirty-minute walking exercise programme and gave them either a placebo or 2,800mg of HCA per day in three equal doses. After eight weeks, those taking HCA had lost 5.4 per cent more body weight and their BMI was 5.2 per cent lower than the placebo group.

In addition, their food intake, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and serum leptin levels (the hormone that triggers eating) were all significantly lower, while their ‘good’ HDL cholesterol and serotonin levels, which is associated with better mood, were all significantly higher. No adverse effects were reported.[vii] There have been some reports of liver toxicity in other studies, but only among people with diabetes or fatty liver disease, those on potentially liver-toxic medication and/or those who were following extremely low- calorie diets. There is no evidence that supplementing HCA causes any harm to people who are in generally good health. Indeed, a major review deemed it safe to use up to 2,800mg a day,[viii] which, as we have seen, is enough to support weight loss. Even so, I would err on the side of caution if you have any sort of liver dysfunction or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Further Information

HOLFORD Nutrition stock GL Support containing HCA plus a range of other natural solutions for weight management.

References

[i] R. Sripradha and S.G. Magadi, ‘Efficacy of garcinia cambogia on body weight, inflammation and glucose tolerance in high fat fed male wistar rats’, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (2015), vol 9(2): BF01–BF04.

[ii] N. Han et al., ‘(-)-Hydroxycitric acid nourishes protein synthesis via altering metabolic directions of amino acids in male rats’, Phytotherapy Research (2016), vol 30(8):1316–1329.

[iii] S.L. Pinkosky et al., ‘Targeting ATP-citrate lyase in hyperlipidemia and metabolic disorders’, Trends in Molecular Medicine (2017), vol 23(11):1047–1063.

[iv] L. Schwartz et al., ‘Out of Warburg effect: an effective cancer treatment targeting the tumor specific metabolism and dysregulated pH’, Seminars in Cancer Biology (2017), vol 43:134–138.

[v] Madeo F, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Hofer SJ, Kroemer G. Caloric Restriction Mimetics against Age-Associated Disease: Targets, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential. Cell Metab. 2019 Mar 5;29(3):592-610. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.01.018. PMID: 30840912.

[vi] I. Onakpoya et al, ‘The use of garcinia Extract (hydroxycitric acid) as a weight loss supplement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials’, Journal of Obesity (2011), vol 2011:e509038.

[vii] H. Preuss et al., ‘An overview of the safety and efficacy of a novel, natural hydroxycitric acid extract (HCA-SX) for weight management’, Journal of Medicine (2004), vol 35(1–6):33–48

[viii] L.O. Chuah et al., ‘In vitro and in vivo toxicity of garcinia or hydroxycitric

acid: a review’, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2012), vol 2012:e197920.